Bounced Cheque
الشيك المرتجع
A bounced cheque is a cheque returned unpaid by the drawee bank, typically for insufficient funds, a closed account, a mismatched signature, or a formal defect. Since the 2022 amendment to the Commercial Transactions Law, the issuance of a cheque without sufficient funds is no longer a criminal offence in most scenarios — banks are required to make partial payment up to the available balance, and the beneficiary can enforce the unpaid balance directly as an executory instrument through the Execution Court without first obtaining a judgment. Criminal liability remains for a limited set of bad-faith acts, including knowingly drawing on a closed account, forging or altering a cheque, or instructing the bank not to honour it without lawful cause. The reform significantly shortened the path to recovery.
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الشيك المرتجع هو الشيك الذي يرفضه البنك المسحوب عليه لعدم كفاية الرصيد، أو إغلاق الحساب، أو عدم مطابقة التوقيع، أو وجود خلل شكلي. ومنذ تعديل قانون المعاملات التجارية عام 2022 لم يعد إصدار شيك بدون رصيد كافٍ جريمة جزائية في معظم الحالات — إذ يلزم البنك بالسداد الجزئي بقدر الرصيد المتاح، ويستطيع المستفيد تنفيذ المبلغ المتبقي مباشرة كسند تنفيذي عبر محكمة التنفيذ دون الحاجة إلى استصدار حكم. وتبقى المسؤولية الجزائية قائمة في حالات محدودة من سوء النية، كالسحب على حساب مغلق مع العلم، أو تزوير الشيك أو تحريفه، أو إصدار أوامر للبنك بعدم الصرف دون سبب مشروع. وقد اختصر الإصلاح مدّة استيفاء الحقوق بشكل كبير.
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