Liquidation
التصفية
Liquidation is the formal process of winding up a company: collecting its assets, paying creditors in order of priority, distributing any surplus to shareholders, and cancelling the licence and registration. In the UAE a solvent, voluntary liquidation typically starts with a shareholders' resolution and the appointment of a licensed liquidator, followed by notice to creditors, clearance letters from authorities such as the tax authority, immigration, utilities and the licensing body, and finally deregistration; insolvent situations are handled instead through bankruptcy procedures. Skipping liquidation and simply abandoning a company is costly: licences accrue renewal fines, banks freeze accounts, and owners and managers can face personal exposure and obstacles to future business in the UAE. It matters because exiting cleanly preserves the founders' record and ends ongoing liabilities such as office leases and visa sponsorships. You meet it when closing a venture, restructuring a group, or buying assets out of a winding-up.
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التصفية هي الإجراء الرسمي لإنهاء الشركة: تحصيل أصولها، وسداد ديونها بترتيب الأولوية، وتوزيع الفائض على الشركاء، ثم إلغاء الرخصة والقيد. وتبدأ التصفية الاختيارية للشركة الموسرة في الإمارات عادة بقرار من الشركاء وتعيين مصفٍّ مرخص، يليه إخطار الدائنين والحصول على براءات ذمة من جهات كهيئة الضرائب والإقامة والمرافق وجهة الترخيص، وانتهاءً بشطب القيد؛ أما حالات الإعسار فتسلك إجراءات الإفلاس. وإهمال التصفية وهجر الشركة مكلف: فالرخص تراكم غرامات التجديد، والبنوك تجمد الحسابات، وقد يتعرض الملاك والمديرون لمسؤولية شخصية وعقبات أمام أعمال مستقبلية في الدولة. تواجهها عند إغلاق مشروع أو إعادة هيكلة مجموعة أو شراء أصول من تصفية قائمة.
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