Execution
التنفيذ
Execution is the stage at which a final judgment, an arbitral award, a notarised agreement with executory force, or a recognised foreign title is enforced against the debtor's person or assets. In the UAE, execution takes place before the Execution Judge of the Court of First Instance. The creditor files an execution application with a copy of the executory instrument; the court issues a notice giving the debtor 15 days to pay voluntarily. If the debtor does not pay, the Execution Judge can order bank account attachment, salary garnishment, real estate attachment and sale by auction, vehicle seizure, travel ban, and — in exceptional cases only — civil imprisonment. The Execution Court also supervises division of proceeds among competing creditors according to statutory priorities.
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التنفيذ هو مرحلة استيفاء الحق الذي تضمّنه الحكم النهائي، أو حكم التحكيم، أو المحرر الموثق الذي له قوة السند التنفيذي، أو السند الأجنبي المعترف به، من شخص المدين أو أمواله. تجري إجراءات التنفيذ في الإمارات أمام قاضي التنفيذ في محكمة الدرجة الأولى. يقدّم الدائن طلب التنفيذ مرفقاً بنسخة من السند التنفيذي، وتُصدر المحكمة إخطاراً يمنح المدين خمسة عشر يوماً للوفاء الطوعي. فإن لم يدفع، جاز لقاضي التنفيذ الحجز على الحسابات البنكية، واقتطاع الراتب، والحجز على العقارات وبيعها بالمزاد، وحجز المركبات، وفرض حظر السفر، وفي حالات استثنائية الحبس الإكراهي. ويشرف قاضي التنفيذ أيضاً على توزيع المتحصلات بين الدائنين المتزاحمين وفق ترتيب الأولويات القانونية.
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