Civil Transaction
المعاملة المدنية
A civil transaction is any legally recognised act between private parties that creates, modifies, transfers, or extinguishes a civil right — in contrast to a commercial transaction, which is governed by the Commercial Transactions Law and presumed to be for profit. Civil transactions include ordinary contracts between non-merchants (rentals, sales between individuals, employment, services), gifts, loans without interest, partnerships, powers of attorney, and liability for tort. In the UAE, civil transactions are governed by the Civil Code, and commercial transactions by the Commercial Transactions Law. The distinction matters because commercial transactions have their own evidentiary rules (wider admissibility of witness testimony, shorter limitation periods) and their own customs are recognised as a source of law.
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المعاملة المدنية هي كل عمل قانوني بين أشخاص خواص يُنشئ حقاً مدنياً أو يعدّله أو ينقله أو يُنهيه — في مقابل المعاملة التجارية التي يحكمها قانون المعاملات التجارية ويُفترض أن تكون لغرض الربح. تشمل المعاملات المدنية العقود العادية بين غير التجار (الإيجار، والبيع بين الأفراد، والعمل، والخدمات)، والهبة، والقرض بلا فائدة، والشركة المدنية، والوكالة، والمسؤولية التقصيرية. يحكم المعاملات المدنية في الإمارات قانون المعاملات المدنية، بينما يحكم المعاملات التجارية قانون المعاملات التجارية. ويهمّ التمييز لأن المعاملات التجارية تخضع لقواعد إثبات خاصة (سعة قبول الشهادة، ومدد تقادم أقصر) ويُعترف فيها بالعرف التجاري مصدراً للقانون.
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