What counts as arbitrary dismissal in the UAE and what compensation can I get?

Arbitrary (unlawful) dismissal in the UAE generally means termination for an invalid reason or in breach of the law — for example, dismissing a worker because they filed a legitimate complaint with MOHRE or pursued a lawful claim, or terminating without a genuine work-related ground. Under Federal Decree-Law No. 33 of 2021, where a court finds the dismissal was arbitrary, it may order the employer to pay compensation assessed by the court, which the law caps at up to three months' wage, in addition to any other entitlements such as notice pay, unpaid wages and end-of-service gratuity. The compensation for arbitrary dismissal is separate from your gratuity, which you keep regardless. To pursue a claim you typically file first with MOHRE, which attempts settlement before the matter can be referred to the labour court. Gather your contract, termination letter, payslips and any evidence of the real reason for dismissal. Because eligibility and the amount awarded depend on the facts, you can compare verified UAE legal professionals on LEXAI to assess whether your dismissal was arbitrary and what you may be owed.