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The medical fitness test is the mandatory health screening every applicant for a UAE residence visa (new or renewal) must pass at a government-approved medical centre. The screening tests for specified communicable diseases, and a positive result for certain conditions leads to visa refusal and, in defined cases, deportation procedures — with treatment-based exceptions in some categories that have evolved over time. The test sits in the middle of the residence chain: entry permit first, then medicals, then Emirates ID biometrics and visa issuance, so a delayed or failed test stalls everything downstream including the work permit activation and salary start. Practical issues lawyers see include disputed results and retesting, confidentiality concerns, employers learning of conditions through the process, and the interaction between a failed medical, the cancellation of the in-progress visa, and the person's remaining lawful stay window.