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A letter of credit is a bank's undertaking, issued at a buyer's request, to pay the seller against presentation of specified documents — transport documents, invoices, certificates — within a set time. It solves the core problem of international trade: the seller will not ship without payment assurance, and the buyer will not pay without shipment evidence; the bank's independent payment promise bridges the gap. UAE banking practice follows the international UCP rules by near-universal incorporation, and the governing principles are autonomy (the credit is independent of the sale contract) and strict documentary compliance (banks pay against conforming documents, not goods). Discrepant documents are the daily battleground — late presentation, description mismatches — and fraud is the narrow exception allowing payment to be blocked. Given the UAE's role as a global re-export hub, letters of credit are everywhere in its trade economy. You meet them in import/export deals, commodity trading and trade finance facilities.